1. Tesla: Revolutionizing the electric vehicle industry and sustainable energy.
2. SpaceX: Advancing space exploration and commercial space travel.
3. Airbnb: Transforming the hospitality and travel industry with its sharing economy platform.
4. Ant Group: Pioneering the field of digital finance and mobile payments.
5. Stripe: Streamlining online payments and powering e-commerce platforms.
6. Bytedance: Shaking up the social media landscape with platforms like TikTok.
7. WeWork: Disrupting the real estate market by providing flexible co-working spaces.
8. Zoom: Enabling remote communication and collaboration with its video conferencing tools.
9. Robinhood: Revolutionizing retail investing with commission-free trading.
10. Nubank: Transforming the financial sector by offering digital banking services.

Please note that the list is not exhaustive, and there are numerous other startups making significant impact in various industries.

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2. Paris Agreement on Climate Change: The UN facilitated the negotiations leading to the Paris Agreement in 2015, which committed countries to combat climate change and limit global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius. It set the framework for global climate action and encouraged countries to adopt renewable energy sources.

3. Global Compact on Migration: In 2018, the UN adopted a non-binding agreement called the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration, aimed at addressing the challenges of international migration. It provided a comprehensive framework for cooperation while protecting the rights of migrants.

4. Iran Nuclear Deal (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action): The UN Security Council endorsed the Iran Nuclear Deal in 2015, restricting Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for lifting economic sanctions. Although the US withdrew from the agreement in 2018, it remains a significant decision in promoting non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.

5. Arms Trade Treaty (ATT): The ATT, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2013, established the first-ever international framework to regulate the global trade in conventional weapons. It aimed to prevent illicit arms trafficking and reduce human suffering caused by conflict.

6. Rome Statute and the International Criminal Court (ICC): The UN played a crucial role in the creation of the ICC, a permanent international court established in 2002 to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression. The Rome Statute, adopted in 1998, provided the legal basis for the ICC and was a significant step in the fight against impunity.

7. UN Security Council Resolution 2254 on the Syrian Crisis: In 2015, the Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 2254, outlining a roadmap for ending the Syrian civil war. It called for a ceasefire, political transition, and a peaceful resolution to the conflict, emphasizing the importance of humanitarian access and accountability for war crimes.

8. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): The CRPD, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2006, is an international human rights treaty protecting the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. It strengthens inclusion and accessibility while addressing discrimination faced by people with disabilities worldwide.

9. Sustainable Development Goals Summit: In September 2019, the UN convened a high-level summit to review progress towards the SDGs. The event reflected the UN’s commitment to mobilize global action, accelerate implementation efforts, and increase ambition to achieve the SDGs by 2030.

10. Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: The UN has been actively involved in coordinating global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. It created the COVID-19 Response and Recovery Fund, facilitated the sharing of scientific information, provided support to vulnerable countries, and advocated for equitable access to vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments.

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2. Documenta 14: Held every five years in Kassel, Germany, Documenta is one of the world’s most significant contemporary art exhibitions, featuring established and emerging artists. The 14th edition in 2017 expanded to include Athens, Greece, opening up a dialogue between diverse cultures.

3. Art Basel: Known as one of the leading international art fairs, Art Basel takes place annually in Basel, Switzerland, Miami Beach, and Hong Kong. It offers a platform to showcase a wide range of artworks from galleries and artists worldwide.

4. Dak’Art Biennale: The Dakar Biennale in Senegal is the longest-running contemporary art biennial on the African continent. Showcasing African and diaspora artists, it serves as a vital platform for promoting African art globally.

5. Burning Man: Taking place annually in the Nevada desert, Burning Man is a unique participatory event that combines art, music, and self-expression, creating a temporary city filled with large-scale installations and interactive experiences.

6. Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival: Though primarily a music festival, Coachella in California has increasingly become a hub for art installations and immersive experiences, blurring the lines between music, fashion, and visual arts.

7. São Paulo Biennial: The São Paulo Art Biennial in Brazil is one of the oldest and most prestigious contemporary art exhibitions in the world. It provides a platform for artists to engage with critical global issues while celebrating diversity.

8. Frieze Art Fair: Frieze holds art fairs annually in London, New York, and Los Angeles, showcasing contemporary art from galleries across the globe. It attracts collectors, curators, and art enthusiasts alike.

9. Sydney Biennale: The Sydney Biennale in Australia is a major international contemporary art event, featuring renowned and emerging artists from around the world. It explores pertinent social, political, and environmental themes.

10. Berlin Art Week: Berlin, Germany, hosts a week-long celebration of contemporary art, featuring exhibitions, performances, and events across various venues. It has gained recognition for supporting emerging artists and experimental art practices.

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1. Elon Musk – Founder/CEO of Tesla, SpaceX, Neuralink, and The Boring Company.
2. Jeff Bezos – Founder/CEO of Amazon, Blue Origin, and owner of The Washington Post.
3. Mark Zuckerberg – Co-founder/CEO of Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Oculus VR.
4. Jack Ma – Co-founder of Alibaba Group, a multinational conglomerate in e-commerce, AI, and technology.
5. Bill Gates – Co-founder of Microsoft and philanthropist through the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
6. Larry Page and Sergey Brin – Co-founders of Google and Alphabet Inc.
7. Warren Buffett – CEO and chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, known for his investments and philanthropy.
8. Richard Branson – Founder of the Virgin Group, which includes over 400 companies in various industries.
9. Oprah Winfrey – Media mogul, talk show host, philanthropist, and founder of the Oprah Winfrey Network.
10. Reed Hastings – Co-founder and CEO of Netflix, the world’s leading streaming platform.

Please note that this list is not exhaustive, and there are many other influential entrepreneurs globally who may be considered by different individuals.

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2. Climate change: Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events associated with climate change can disrupt ecosystems, threaten species survival, and alter ecological relationships.

3. Invasive species: Non-native species that are introduced to new environments can outcompete or prey upon native species, leading to population declines or extinctions.

4. Overexploitation: Unsustainable hunting, fishing, and harvesting of species for trade, food, or other purposes can lead to population declines and even extinctions.

5. Pollution: Pollution from various sources (such as industrial waste, agricultural run-off, and plastic waste) affects biodiversity by degrading habitats, contaminating water and soil, and harming individual organisms.

6. Illegal wildlife trade: The illegal trade of plants and animals for their parts or products (e.g., ivory, rhino horn, exotic pets) contributes to the decline of many species and can lead to their extinction.

7. Disease outbreaks: The spread of diseases, particularly those introduced by humans, can have devastating impacts on vulnerable species populations and even wipe out entire populations.

8. Genetic pollution: Interbreeding between genetically modified organisms and wild populations can result in the loss of genetic diversity and the decreased fitness of wild species.

9. Fragmented conservation efforts: Lack of coordination and inadequate protection of biodiversity across different jurisdictions, coupled with insufficient resources and political will, hinder effective conservation outcomes.

10. Lack of public awareness and understanding: A lack of awareness about the importance of biodiversity and the consequences of its decline can undermine conservation efforts and hinder the implementation of effective policies and practices.

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2. Refugee crisis: The global refugee crisis, particularly due to conflicts in Syria, Venezuela, Myanmar, and Afghanistan, has led to a large number of people seeking asylum in other countries.

3. Shift in migration routes: There has been a shift in migration routes, with more migrants attempting perilous journeys across the Mediterranean Sea or through Central America, often facing dangerous conditions and human trafficking.

4. Urbanization of migration: There has been a notable trend of urbanization in migration patterns, with more people moving to cities and urban areas for better employment opportunities and access to services.

5. Brain drain and brain gain: Many developing countries are experiencing a brain drain, where skilled professionals emigrate to developed countries, leading to a loss of talent and expertise. However, brain gain also occurs as skilled migrants contribute to the development of their host countries.

6. Rise of internal displacement: The number of internally displaced people (IDPs) within their own countries has increased significantly due to conflicts, natural disasters, and environmental factors, creating complex challenges for governments and aid organizations.

7. Labor migration: There is an increasing demand for migrant labor in certain industries such as agriculture, construction, healthcare, and hospitality, leading to temporary migration for work purposes.

8. Family reunification: Family reunification remains a significant driver of migration, with individuals seeking to join family members who have already migrated to a different country.

9. Climate change and environmental migration: Climate change and environmental factors, such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and desertification, are leading to increased migration as people are forced to move in search of safer and more sustainable living conditions.

10. Anti-immigration policies: In many countries, there has been a rise in anti-immigration sentiment, resulting in stricter immigration policies, border controls, and anti-immigrant rhetoric. This has impacted migration patterns and led to the rise of undocumented or irregular migration.

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2. Antibiotics: The discovery of antibiotics revolutionized medicine by effectively treating bacterial infections. They have been instrumental in reducing mortality rates and improving overall healthcare outcomes.

3. Organ Transplantation: Advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive drugs have made organ transplantation more successful and accessible. Transplants save thousands of lives annually and improve the quality of life for many others.

4. Precision Medicine: Precision medicine is an approach that tailors medical treatments to an individual’s unique genetic makeup, lifestyle, and environmental factors. It enables personalized therapies and diagnostic tools for various diseases.

5. Imaging Technologies: Technology has greatly advanced medical imaging, including X-rays, MRI, CT scans, and ultrasound. These tools help with early detection, accurate diagnoses, and treatment monitoring.

6. Robot-Assisted Surgery: Robotics has transformed surgical procedures by enhancing precision, reducing invasiveness, shortening recovery times, and improving outcomes.

7. Telemedicine: The ability to remotely diagnose and treat patients through telecommunication technology has expanded access to healthcare, especially in rural and underserved areas.

8. Genomic Medicine: Breakthroughs in genetic sequencing have led to the identification of disease-associated genes and new treatment possibilities. It also helps predict disease risk and potential response to medications.

9. Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI is transforming healthcare by assisting in diagnostics, drug discovery, personalized treatment plans, and improving efficiency through automation and data analysis.

10. Regenerative Medicine: This field aims to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs by using stem cells, tissue engineering, and other approaches. It holds promise for conditions that currently have limited treatment options.

Note: The advancements mentioned are not ranked in any particular order and may vary based on individual perspectives.

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1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): A leading cause of death globally, with conditions like heart attacks and angina being prevalent.
2. Stroke: A disabling and potentially fatal condition caused by a disruption of blood supply to the brain.
3. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A chronic lung disease mainly caused by smoking or exposure to pollutants.
4. Lower Respiratory Infections: Including pneumonia, bronchitis, and other respiratory tract infections, which often affect children and the elderly.
5. Diabetes: A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, linked to lifestyle factors and genetics.
6. Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia: Neurodegenerative diseases that primarily affect the elderly and lead to cognitive decline.
7. Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious disease caused by bacteria that typically affects the lungs but can also affect other organs.
8. HIV/AIDS: A viral infection that weakens the immune system, making individuals vulnerable to various opportunistic infections and cancers.
9. Diarrheal Diseases: Including various infectious and non-infectious causes, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries.
10. Malaria: A mosquito-borne infectious disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, causing high fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms.

It is important to note that this list may not encompass all prevalent diseases globally and that some diseases or conditions may have a higher prevalence in specific regions or populations.

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2. Brexit: The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union has resulted in changes in trade relations between the UK and other countries, as well as the restructuring of trade agreements and uncertainty surrounding future trade relations.

3. Regional trade agreements: The signing of various regional trade agreements has had a significant impact on international trade, such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

4. US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA): Replacing the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the USMCA has brought about changes in trade relations among the United States, Mexico, and Canada.

5. Digital trade regulations: The growth of digital technologies and e-commerce has prompted the development and implementation of regulations related to digital trade, addressing issues such as data protection, privacy, and intellectual property rights.

6. Rise of protectionism: There has been a noticeable shift towards protectionist policies in some countries, with governments imposing trade barriers and tariffs to safeguard domestic industries, potentially impacting global trade relations.

7. Trade tensions with the European Union: The United States has engaged in trade disputes with the European Union over issues such as tariffs on steel and aluminum, subsidies, and intellectual property rights, leading to strains in trade relations.

8. Shift in global supply chains: Various factors, including geopolitical tensions and the COVID-19 pandemic, have led to a reevaluation of global supply chains, with some countries seeking to diversify and localize production, impacting trade flows.

9. Trade restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in countries implementing trade restrictions such as export bans on medical supplies and disruptions in global trade, affecting international trade relations.

10. Environmental concerns and trade policies: Climate change and environmental issues have gained prominence in international trade discussions, leading to the inclusion of provisions addressing sustainable development and environmental protection in trade agreements.

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1. United States: The US military is often considered the most powerful due to its advanced technology, naval and air power, extensive overseas bases, and substantial defense budget.
2. Russia: Possessing a large and capable military, Russia has a significant nuclear arsenal, advanced missile systems, and a well-developed aerospace industry.
3. China: With the largest standing army in the world, China has made significant progress in modernizing its military, focusing on developing advanced aircraft, missile systems, and naval capabilities.
4. India: India boasts one of the largest militaries and plays a crucial role in regional security. It possesses advanced missile systems, nuclear capabilities, and a growing domestic defense industry.
5. Japan: Known for its advanced technology and modern military, Japan’s Self-Defense Forces have strong naval, air, and missile defense capabilities, making them influential in Asia-Pacific security.
6. South Korea: In a tense regional environment, South Korea maintains a significant military force to deter potential threats from North Korea. It possesses advanced missile systems and highly trained personnel.
7. France: France has a highly capable military, particularly in terms of its power projection capabilities. It has a strong air force, a significant nuclear deterrent, and is capable of conducting global military operations.
8. United Kingdom: Despite its smaller size compared to the US and Russia, the UK has a technologically advanced military force, including a strong navy, notable special forces, and nuclear capabilities.
9. Germany: As the economic powerhouse of Europe, Germany has a modern military force known for its advanced technology, well-trained personnel, and significant defense spending.
10. Turkey: With its strategic location and large military, Turkey plays a vital role in the Middle East. It possesses modern equipment, a powerful army, and notable naval and air forces.

Again, it’s important to remember that military power can be assessed in various ways, and rankings may differ based on the specific criteria and methodology applied.

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